Electro-Harmonix

Notes: Electro-Harmonix has reissued their late-1970's era Op-Amp Big Muff Pi. Sometimes also referred to as the IC or V4 Big Muff, the original circuitry has been faithfully re-created while several practical enhancements have been added including a compact, die-cast chassis and true bypass switching.

According to Electro-Harmonix founder, Mike Matthews, "The Op-Amp Big Muff was popularized by the brilliant Billy Corgan who first used it on the Smashing Pumpkins' epic 1993 album Siamese Dream. After he was videotaped playing and talking about the reissue, Billy stated: "The magic's still in the box, I can still get what I'm looking for!"

The pedal relies on op-amps rather than transistors and three gain stages rather than four, to create its signature sound. It's a sound that's been described by noted Big Muff collector and historian, Kit Rae, as: "a huge, crushing Big Muff sound with more crunch...great for grungy, wall-of-sound distortion, heavy rhythm playing and heavy leads."

The Op-Amp Big Muff Pi features standard controls: Sustain, Tone and Volume, plus a Tone switch for bypassing the tone circuit. It comes equipped with a 9V battery or can be powered by an optional 9-volt AC adapter.

Notes: A sophisticated noise gate that can tame a single pedal or an entire effects loop! The Silencer's three-control layout provides precise fine-tuning to fit your system, axe and playing style. Threshold adjusts how much level is required to open the noise gate and allow a signal to pass thru. Reduction regulated the degree to which the gated signal is reduced and is variable between -70dB and +4dB. Release controls how long the gate remains open after the signal drops below the Threshold. Release time is variable between 8ms and 4 seconds.

I/O includes 1/4" Input, Output, Send and Return jacks. The footswitch selects whether The Silencer is engaged or in bypass mode; buffered bypass allows the effects loop to remain in your signal path when the gate is bypassed. A built-in AC jack accepts a standard power supply like the EHX 9.6DC unit (optional) and the pedal comes with a 9V battery.

Conquer noise with The Silencer!

Notes: An ultra-compact workhorse that's perfect as part of a portable guitar rig, or as an emergency backup should your main amp break down.

The 15Watt Howitzer guitar amp/preamp is an ultra-compact workhorse that's perfect as part of a portable guitar rig, or as an emergency backup and gig saver should your main amp break down. It's super flexible, like a musical chameleon, and depending on the gear you use and your style, will fit in the broadest range of genres.

The 15Watt Howitzer's Volume and Gain controls let you go as clean or as crunchy as you want while the Bass, Mid and Treble knobs provide plentiful tone shaping. Its FX Loop gives you the option of putting effects like reverb and delay after the preamp. Of course you can still run your guitar straight into pedals and then right into the 15Watt Howitzer's input jack.

EHX's Founder, Mike Matthews, said: Dig it! The sandwich-sized 15Watt Howitzer is perfect as part of a compact guitar rig or backup. But the thing I dig the most, is the tone that emanates from the Howitzer. It's super versatile and depending on what kind of setup you're running fits into any style that's your bag!

15 watts of power, but small enough to fit on a pedalboard or pack in a gig bag
A full set of sound shaping controls: Volume, Gain, Bass, Mid and Treble
Bright/Norm switch: choose between a subtle top boost with more presence or a slightly darker top end
Solid-state class D amp design for maximum output efficiency and minimal space requirements.
FX loop with Send/Return jacks lets you place effects between the 15Watt Howitzer's preamp section and Volume knob
Power adapter included

Specifications:
Circuit: Analogue
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 24VDC/1000mA power adapter included
Dimensions (in): 4.75 x 4 x 2.25
Current Draw: 100mA
Year Released: 2021

Notes: The EHX 5MM Guitar Power Amplifier is a pocket-sized power amp that’s a great alternative to a traditional guitar amplifier. It’s super portable and perfect in playing situations where a high-powered amp is not required… like when you’re mic’d on stage, in the studio or as a backup. It produces 2.5 watts so one of the cool things about it is that it doesn’t take much to start getting some nice drive and saturation. Plus, it can be connected directly to any 8 O – 16 O speaker cabinet.

The 5MM is complete simplicity. It features a Volume control and a Bright switch which, when engaged, adds presence to the signal. Since it is a power amp, a preamp, overdrive pedal and, or an EQ in front of it will really let you dial in your tone, but it can be used by itself. The 5MM Power Amplifier also comes equipped with its own power supply.

Notes: Full-range overdrive for a wide, sculptable tone!

The EHX Crayon Full-Range Overdrive is a versatile overdrive with independent Bass and Treble controls and an open frequency range that provides players with a musical alternative to customary mid-focused overdrive pedals. It delivers a range of sounds going from a suggestion of dirt to full-on distortion and is equally impressive all by itself or when driving another overdrive pedal.

Full-range overdrive with a lush, rich, warm tone
Independent Bass and Treble controls
True Bypass for maximum signal path integrity
Compact pedalboard-ready pedal
9V battery included

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply:9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 10mA
Year Released: 2015

Notes: Get lush EHX vibrato and chorus in a compact, pedalboard friendly package with unique control options!

No one does bucket-brigade effects like Electro-Harmonix and with the Eddy you get lush EHX vibrato and chorus in a compact, pedalboard friendly package with unique control options.

The Eddy gives you envelope and expression pedal control over modulation rate and depth. That means you can control either with your playing dynamics. Plus, if you plug in an EXP pedal, you can use it to control the rate or depth at the same time.

The Eddy also features LFO shape warping which can transform the shape of the modulation from a standard sine wave to something totally asymmetric. Plus, the pedal's tone control lets you make the sound brighter or darker.

EHX Founder, Mike Matthews, says: EHX's long history in creating bucket-brigade based pedals goes all the way back to the Electric Mistress Flanger, the Memory Man Analog Delay and the Clone Theory Chorus/Vibrato. The new Eddy springboards off that rich heritage and adds modern control to classic sounds.

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue with Digital Control
Bypass: Buffered Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter included
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 40mA
Year Released: 2021

Notes: The EHX Flatiron Fuzz is a classic op-amp powered fuzz/distortion. With its late '70s style circuit and symmetrical hard clipping, it's EHX's take on the RAT2 pedal.

The Flatiron Fuzz is extremely versatile. At lower drive settings it remains fairly clean and adds a pleasing mild distortion. As the drive is turned up it transports you to a world of arena rock and produces spectacular, thick, meaty tones.

The stellar sound of the Flatiron Fuzz is a result of its classic, late '70s style circuitry and the fact that it delivers symmetrical hard clipping. As a point of reference, you might refer to the old Rat pedal, but you'll prefer the Flatiron.

The Flatiron Fuzz features three controls: Volume, Drive and Filter. Volume sets the output level while Drive adjusts the amount of sustain and distortion. The unique Filter control is actually a low pass filter with a movable cut-off frequency. This is especially cool because it lets you dial in just the right amount of high-end... from dark to raunchy.

Electro-Harmonix trivia: The Flatiron Fuzz is named after the historic Flatiron Building in New York City. It's an iconic landmark located just down the block from EHX headquarters in the 1970s and it's the building pictured on the pedal.

Specifications:

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 5mA
Year Released: 2018

Notes: The go anywhere Headphone Amp delivers a musical quality and attitude that defines the spirit of Electro-Harmonix!

As uniquely musical as it is portable, the ultra-light EHX Headphone Amp lets you practice as loud or funky as you want without waking up your neighbors.

Ultra lightweight and portable
Designed specifically for musical instruments
Get the character sound of your live instrument
Handles high gain pedal board input delivering your favorite tone and definition
Super quiet
Battery included
Headphones are NOT INCLUDED

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included
Dimensions (in): 5.75 x 3.45 x 2.75
Year Released: 2010

Notes: Get the exact same tone and drive as the 1970s original!

With the price of vintage Hot Tubes soaring, countless guitarists have requested that we re-issue our 1970s Hot Tubes. Since its initial release in 1978, countless musicians have prized the scorching tube amp simulation the Hot Tubes delivers. They consider the original Hot Tubes to be indispensable, so it is rarely available on the vintage market.

The EHX Hot Tubes' Volume and Overdrive let you go from a gentle rasp that caresses your notes to a full-blown gain monster with a powerhouse punch. Sculpt your sound with the Tone control, or take a detour around the tone circuit with the Tone On/Off switch. True bypass for a pristine signal chain.

CMOS overdrive
Sensitive to your touch and guitar's volume
True Bypass
Tone bypass switch completely removes tone circuit
9V battery included

Specifications:
Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 18mA
Year Released: 2013

Notes: Originally designed by Josh Scott of JHS Pedals and graphic designer, Daniel Danger as a homage to Electro-Harmonix in what Josh and Daniel consider the company's design heyday of the 1970s, the EHX Lizard Queen Octave Fuzz is a nano-sized version of the pedal brought to life by the engineers at Electro-Harmonix that has all of the tones and vibes of the original circuit design by Josh. The tone is inspired by EHX's fuzz pedigree with a unique analog octave up circuit that has all the vibe of the original design first featured on the JHS Show in 2022. This creates a completely new and unique EHX fuzz sound we've never heard before. To further tell the tale, the pedal is adorned with vintage EHX-inspired graphics designed by Daniel.

Housed in EHX's Nano-sized chassis, the EHX Lizard Queen is a fixed gain fuzz pedal which features Volume, Octave, and Balance knobs. Volume controls the overall output volume level. The Octave control adjusts the level of the octave-up signal from zero to full octave chaos. Perfect for dialing in a crushing rhythm sound or a chimey, clanging lead sound. The Balance knob sets the tone balance between the smoother Shadow setting and the raspy, biting Sun setting. The effect of the Balance control is especially apparent with the octave set high.

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 5mA

Notes: The most compact Bass Big Muff Pi ever is packed with the ginormous Bass Big Muff sound!

The huge Bass Big Muff sound now in a nano-sized package. Voicing inspired by the tank green Russian Big Muff with the classic Big Muff Pi layout of Sustain, Tone and Volume controls.

Controls for Volume, Tone and Sustain let you sculpt your distortion and drive, while the Dry switch mixes your dry bass with the EHX Nano Bass Big Muff's distortion.

Tailor your drive/distortion sound with Sustain, Tone and Volume knobs
Features a Dry switch that mixes your dry bass, at unity level, with the Nano Bass Big Muff's distortion
True bypass for maximum signal path integrity
Road worthy die-cast chassis
9V battery included

Specifications:
Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 4mA
Year Released: 2014

Notes: Built for the player who demands nothing less than hard-hitting distortion and an intense, aggressive sound!

The EHX Nano Metal Muff was built for the player who demands nothing less than hard-hitting distortion and an intense, aggressive sound. It's a combination of weaponized distortion and an extremely powerful EQ section that provides all the flexibility and tone-shaping needed to dial in an array of ultra-heavy sounds.

The Nano Metal Muff's newly designed noise gate is a superb addition to this high-gain pedal and eliminates unwanted hum when you stop playing. It features a noise floor threshold control (GATE) and its own LED to indicate when the gate is engaged.

A compact footprint and intelligent, straight forward controls complete the picture.

Voiced for the heavy metal player
Compact, pedalboard friendly footprint
Extensive EQ control: Bass +/- 14dB of cut or boost, Mid +/- 15dB and Treble +/- 10dB
VOL (volume) sets the pedal's output volume level
DIST adjusts input gain and distortion
Noise gate eliminates unwanted noise and includes an LED to indicate when the output signal is muted
9V battery included

Specifications:
Circuit: Analog
Bypass: Buffered Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 24 mA
Year Released: 2021

Notes: The Nano Pulsar takes tremolo beyond the ordinary and mundane. Equipped with a collection of tremolo-modulating waveforms and the option of operating in Triangle or Square Wave modes, the Nano Pulsar is a tremolo/panner treasure chest. In mono, it's simply amazing, or, connect it in stereo to create shifting waves of sound that surround you and fill your space with weaving, pulsating energy.

For all its power, the Nano Pulsar's layout is intuitive and using it is easy. There's often a perceived volume drop with tremolo when the effect is engaged so we've included a Volume control. It allows a player to fine-tune their output level when the effect is on, and is a very useful addition.

The Nano Pulsar's Depth knob adjusts the amount of tremolo applied to the signal. Past maximum (around 1 o'clock) the modulation becomes asymmetric and warps the audio signal between positive and negative phase. This creates a unique style of tremolo which sounds great alone or can be used in combination with other effects like the Oceans 11's Shimmer patch to produce compelling synth-like sounds and textures.

The Rate knob provides a full range of speed adjustments for the tremolo or pan effect, and when you start to max out the Rate and Depth controls you enter ring modulation territory for a surreal sonic joyride!

Unlock a world of advanced sound shaping and control. Create tremolo and panning effects that go from sublimely beautiful to downright shocking. The compact Nano Pulsar will be your do-it-all, go to pedal for all things tremolo and panning.

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: Buffered Bypass
Audio: Stereo Out
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 30mA

Notes: Lush, analogue chorus designed to re-create our legendary Small Clone!

Using a high quality bucket brigade chip and the same classic Small Clone circuit, this true analog design has been massaged and tweaked for accuracy and superior sonic qualities. The EHX Neo Clone delivers the Classic Small Clone sound at a price that sweeps the competition away.

Same amazing chorus as the legendary Small Clone
Pedal board friendly foot print
Total analog design
Sultry sonic texture with depth control
9V battery included

Specifications:
Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 12mA
Year Released: 2010

Notes: Delivers overdrive and distortion with impact, and the modern player in mind!

The EHX OD Glove provides a rich, overtone laden sound that doesn't get muddy. Responsive controls that take you from sparkling, clean boost through brown crunch and all the way to thick, saturated hi-gain. Advanced features like Tone Shift and selectable 9 or 18V internal voltage for surgical sound sculpting.

Versatile MOSFET overdrive/distortion
Tone Shift switch
Selectable 9V or 18V internal voltage
True bypass
Tough, compact die-cast chassis
9V battery included

SPECIFICATIONS
Circuit
Analog
Bypass
True Bypass
Audio
Mono
Power Supply
9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in)
4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw
12mA
Year Released
2013

Notes: The EHX PicoBoard is a sleek, lightweight pedalboard tailored to fit a compact rig that's easy to carry around town and won't clutter the stage. At 15" wide, the board is able to fit 6 pico-sized or 4 nano-sized pedals and is perfect for any gig or event. The included durable carrying case built to protect your pedals from the elements and features adjustable straps that can be configured to sling over the shoulder or attach to the neck of your guitar's gig bag.

Specifications

Dimensions (in): 14.75 x 5.75 x 1.25
Year Released: 2023

*** Please note: the pedals are not included, they are shown in the photos for demonstration purposes only. ***

Notes: Classic fuzz reimagined and redefined!

Expanding on Electro Harmonix's first homage to the tone that launched a thousand riffs, the EHX Satisfaction Plus delivers a wide palette of tones from classic '60s snarl to creamy lead tone to thick, earth-shaking sludge!

Where the original Satisfaction Fuzz circuit was a focused tribute, the Satisfaction Plus Fuzz treats the classic tone to a modern control set that includes a FAT/NORM mode switch, Bias control, and Tone knob. The added FAT mode features a tone that is bigger and warmer than the NORM mode for woolly leads and giant wall-of-thunder riffs. The Tone control is an active tilt-shift EQ that inversely controls both the treble and bass of the fuzz for broad tonal shifting. Set the Bias control to dial in the fuzz character from balanced and open to gated and snarly.

Fuzz circuit inspired by early '60s fuzz pedals
FAT mode adds bigger, warmer tones
BIAS adjusts from sweet spot smooth to voltage-sag snarl
TONE is a tilt-shift EQ adjusts treble and bass
ATTACK and VOLUME control gain and output
True Bypass
9V battery included (9V adapter optional)

Specifications
Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (inches): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 5mA
Year Released: 2023

Notes: Instantly switch to a different preset volume, with a fully-passive and colour-free circuit!

The EHX Signal Pad is a passive attenuator that allows you to instantly switch to a different preset volume. It's like your guitar's volume knob, with a fully-passive and colour-free circuit. Leave your amp's volume set high for overdrive, and use the Signal Pad to lower your level for a clean sound - then switch it off to kick in your amp's natural overdrive. You can also experiment with the Signal Pad anywhere in your effects chain - you'll bring out new tonal combinations from your favourite old pedals.

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: Optional 9V battery or 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 3mA
Year Released: 2008

Notes: 1978 rarity reissued with modern updates and a tiny pico footprint!

The late 1970s rarity Electro-Harmonix Slap-Back Echo pedal is reissued with modern updates and a Pico footprint!

The 50s era gave birth to an iconic sound in which a single, short delay was utilized to add depth and rhythmic effect on countless recordings. The newly reissued all-analog design of the EHX Slap-Back Echo delivers this beloved classic sound and more in a Pico-sized pedalboard-friendly package. With three delay time settings and up to +20dB of boost, the Slap-Back Echo can achieve subtle doubling effects to intense bathroom reflections all with the distinct flavor of bucket-brigade (BBD) circuitry.

Housed in EHX's Pico-sized chassis, the Slap-Back Echo features Gain and Blend knobs as well as a Time switch. The Gain knob controls the input signal before the echo circuit and also adjusts the overall volume at the output with a boost of up to +20dB. The Blend knob mixes the dry signal and the echo signal from 100% dry to 100% echo. The Time switch selects between three different delay times: 45ms, 65ms, and 100ms.

Independent gain and blend knobs
Time switch with 45ms, 65ms, and 100ms delay times
Up to 20dB of boost
True-Bypass
Small, pico-sized chassis
9V power supply included

Specifications:
Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter included
Dimensions (in): 3.65 x 2.0 x 2.0
Current Draw: 15mA
Year Released: 2023

Notes: The finest analogue chorus!

The EHX Small Clone Chorus is a reissue of the classic analogue chorus pedal popularised by Kurt Cobain. Depth and Rate controls create the finest sounds, from clear, rich and dimensional to warm pulsating warbles.

True bypass
9V battery included

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 5.25 x 3.38 x 2.75
Current Draw: 12mA
Year Released: 2000

Notes: Get the sound that made the Classic 1970 Small Stone famous!

The EHX Small Stone Phase Shifter generates thick sweeping phase shifting with liquid transparency. Feedback colour control adds a tingling swirl. Blues players dig the Stone's rapid rotating speaker effect. Country players add tasty seasoning to their chicken pickin'. Metal-heads dig its jet plane swoosh.

Variable rate control allows slow and smooth to rapid edge frequency sweeps
Colour switch turns up the feedback for a more pronounced phase shifter effects
Tough and compact die-cast chassis
9V battery included

Specifications:

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 10mA
Year Released: 2006

Notes: With three selectable attacks coupled with silky, long sustains, the Soul Preacher is your tool for sonic salvation!

The EHX Soul Preacher Compressor / Sustainer is a compact compressor/sustainer with variable parameters allowing extreme or subtle adjustments of the dynamic qualities of YOUR playing. Two knobs and one 3 way toggle switch control the output volume, the depth of the effect and the attack/decay characteristics of the effect.

True bypass
Sustain control adjusts the amount of sustain
Volume control sets the output level
Attack toggle switch provides 3 switch selectable settings of attack: fast, medium, slow
Fast attack: gives an aggressive hit with about a 20mS rise time. fast and musical
Medium attack presents a slower rise time of about 50ms, smooth and defined
Slow attack brings a musical 100ms rise time for a softer
Tough and compact die-cast chassis
9V battery included

Specifications:
Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.5 x 2.75 x 2.1
Current Draw: 40mA
Year Released: 2007

Notes: Vintage tremolo and panning with Wave Form and Shape control!

The EHX Stereo Pulsar Stereo Tap Tremolo generates vintage tremolo and panning that will fill any venue with rhythmic stereo energy. Its Wave Form switch allows you to change the modulation from triangle to square form. The Wave Shape control allows you to control transitions from negative to positive saw tooth or adjust pulse width. This all means you can create any type of stereo tremolo from pure vintage to ones never heard before.

Stereo outputs
Tough and compact die-cast chassis
9V battery included

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: Buffered Bypass
Audio: Stereo
Power Supply: 9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in): 4.75 x 4 x 2.25
Current Draw: 17mA
Year Released: 2007

Notes: Killer wah and cocked wah sounds!

The EHX Wailer Wah features the great sound and tone of the award winning Crying Tone Wah in a rugged, lightweight pedal and with a traditional rack and pinion style operating mechanism. It's also extremely affordable.

Traditional rack and pinion style operating mechanism
Super affordable
Rugged yet lightweight, at just over 1.5 pounds it's lighter than most popular wah pedals and a real weight saver for your pedalboard
9V battery included

SPECIFICATIONS
Circuit
Analog
Bypass
True Bypass
Audio
Mono
Power Supply
9V battery included (optional 9.6VDC-200mA power adapter not included)
Dimensions (in)
9.92 x 3.4 x 3.0
Current Draw
6mA
Year Released
2016

Notes: Modulation madness! All-analog multi-functional modulation effects processor featuring Phaser, Tremolo, Vibrato, and a Neo-modulated Wah. At the heart of the EHX Worm is a specially designed tone-bending engine that creates groundbreaking oscillatory effects.

True bypass
Mode selectable analog modulation effects: wah, phaser, vibrato, tremolo
Manual mode removes the modulation so the effects can be swept by hand
Optional expression pedal sweep capability
Tough and compact die-cast chassis
Power adapter included

Specifications

Circuit: Analogue
Bypass: True Bypass
Audio: Mono
Power Supply: 24VDC-100mA power adapter included
Dimensions (in): 4.75 x 4 x 2.25
Current Draw: 50mA
Year Released: 2008